An example of advertising techniques.

I've been reading a lot about the "tickle" deodorants, and I've learned that they are more famous that I thought, and more controversial. Therefore, I will be using this advertisement to explain the different techniques that are used in this commercial. 

I believe that this ad has a subliminal message. But what exactly is a subliminal message? A subliminal message is "a signal or message embedded in another medium, designed to pass below the normal limits of the human mind's perception."(Wikipedia.com)

These messages are simply displayed by images or objects. In this case, the deodorant. 

The controversies in this subliminal messages have been known for a long time. There have been debates over the existence and nature of the subconscious. The fact is that all things in which humans find a symbolic meaning are often ambiguous.  

The messages in this particular advertisement are represented in written language and images. This particular ad was advertised on a magazine, by an unknown author. This commercial is targeted to woman, but does is author  attempting to elicit a behavior or a belief? The author is attempting to elicit a belief because he/she wants the public to buy this deodorant.  

A major advertising technique that i was able to get from this advertisement is "wit and humor". Wit and humor is used when the company wants customers to be  attracted to products that divert the audience by giving viewers a reason to laugh or to be entertained by clever use of visuals or language.

Advertising techniques

Ir order to better understand the advertisements and commercials that I've been needing to watch during the last few weeks, I did my own research on the different advertising techniques that are used by companies in roder to adverside their products.

ADVERTISING TECHNIQUES
AVANTE GARDE:The suggestion that using this product puts the user ahead of the times e.g. a toy manufacturer encourages kids to be the first on their block to have a new toy.

FACTS AND FIGURES:Statistics and objective factual information is used to prove the superiority of the product e.g. a car manufacturer quotes the amount of time it takes their car to get from 0 to 100 k.p.h.
WEASEL WORDS: “Weasel words" are used to suggest a positive meaning without actually really making any guarantee e.g. a scientist says that a diet product might help you to lose weight the way it helped him to lose weight.
MAGIC INGREDIENTS:The suggestion that some almost miraculous discovery makes the product exceptionally effective e.g. a pharmaceutical manufacturer describes a special coating that makes their pain reliever less irritating to the stomach than a competitor`s.
PATRIOTISM: The suggestion that purchasing this product shows your love of your country e.g. a company brags about its product being made in America and employing American workers.
DIVERSION: Diversion seems to tackle a problem or issue, but then throws in an emotional non-sequitor or distraction. e.g. a tobacco company talks about health and smoking, but then shows a cowboy smoking a rugged cigarette after a long day of hard work.
TRANSFER:Words and ideas with positive connotations are used to suggest that the positive qualities should be associated with the product and the user e.g. a textile manufacturer wanting people to wear their product to stay cool during the summer shows people wearing fashions made from their cloth at a sunny seaside setting where there is a cool breeze. PLAIN FOLKSThe suggestion that the product is a practical product of good value for ordinary people e.g. a cereal manufacturer shows an ordinary family sitting down to breakfast and enjoying their product.
SNOB APPEAL:The suggestion that the use of the product makes the customer part of an elite group with a luxurious and glamorous life style e.g. a coffee manufacturer shows people dressed in formal gowns and tuxedos drinking their brand at an art gallery.
BRIBERY Bribery seems to give a desirable extra something. We humans tend to be greedy. e.g. Buy a burger; get free fries.
TESTIMONIALA: famous personality is used to endorse the product e.g. a famous basketball player (Michael Jordan) recommends a particular brand of skates.
WIT AND HUMOR:Customers are attracted to products that divert the audience by giving viewers a reason to laugh or to be entertained by clever use of visuals or language.
SIMPLE SOLUTIONS :Avoid complexities, and attack many problems to one solutions. e.g. Buy this makeup and you will be attractive, popular, and happy.
CARD STACKING:The propaganda technique of Card-Stacking is so widespread that we may not always be aware of its presence in a commercial. Basically, Card-Stacking means stacking the cards in favor of the product; advertisers stress is positive qualities and ignore negative. For example, if a brand of snack food is loaded with sugar (and calories), the commercial may boast that the product is low in fat, which implies that it is also low in calories. Card-Stacking is such a prevalent rational propaganda technique that gives us only part of the picture.
GLITTERING GENERALITIES:The glittering generalities technique uses appealing words and images to sell the product. The message this commercial gives, through indirectly, is that if you buy the item, you will be using a wonderful product, and it will change your life. This cosmetic will make you look younger, this car will give you status, this magazine will make you a leader-all these commercials are using Glittering Generalities to enhance product appeal.
BANDWAGON:Bandwagon is a form of propaganda that exploits the desire of most people to join the crowd or be on the winning side, and avoid winding up the losing side. Few of us would want to wear nerdy cloths, smell differently from everyone else, or be unpopular.
The popularity of a product is important to many people. Even if most of us say we make out own choice when buying something we often choose well-advertised items- the popular ones. Advertising copywriters must be careful with the bandwagon propaganda technique because most of us see ourselves as individuals who think for themselves. If Bandwagon commercial is to obvious, viewers may reject the product outright.

"advertising techniques." Advertising Techniques. 14 Dec. 2008
http://www.foothilltech.org/rgeib/english/media_literacy/
advertising_techniques.htm.

How is it all related?

After studying about the culture in the 1970s-the music,trends,films, etc., I've come to ask myself: how is all of this related with the topic of my research,sexual appeals and the changing faces of sexuality during the 1970s? Throughout the decades, the years face many factors which can influence to the change of trends and customs. From music and television, to artists and public figures, everything has a saying in the changes that occur. The 1970s were times of releases, releases in the music and television industry. New trends and styles started to emerge and quickly captured the public's attention. Along with the music came the new lyrics, which with a combination of "sex, drugs and rock n roll" created new images in people's head. What used to be soft, caressing romantic songs about a love story became hard-rock music lines about sex and getting drunk, and these changes occurred right in front of our eyes.

Advertising started to make big impacts and changes to the decade. Most advertisements were ethos-based, meaning that they were based on the character of the speaker. For example, the "tickle" commercial. "Make yourself happy with a little tickle." "What were they selling here - deodorant or orgasms? It's hard to tell, but Tickle flew off the shelves with its bulbous, colorfully phallic bottle and this ridiculous ad campaign. " These commercials is wanting to create a feeling of comfort within the listener or the reader. The listener believes in that is being stated and also believes that the speaker or author has only the best intentions toward the listener or reader.

Advertising and commercials also began to include a different technique to persuade the reader/listener. There were new commercials which could have different meanings. Taking the "tickle" commercial in consideration, a listener says that "If there's a more blatantly sexual ad campaign than this one, I haven't seen it - the "antiperspirant with the big wide ball" kept these women positively giddy all day." "What were they selling here - deodorant or orgasms?".

Commercial and advertising techniques grew and were quickly abstracted by the companies. Today they are still being used on all areas of mass media, and that is making companies grow and be known across the globe.

About the 1970s

The role of women in Society

During the 1970s, women roles in society was altered with feminism throughout the world. A factor was the presence and rise of a significant number of women as heads of state outside of monarchies and heads of government in a number of countries across the world during the

1970s, and for many it was their first time holding such positions. 

Non-monarch women heads of state and heads of government in this period included Isabel Martínez de Perón as the first woman President in Argentina and the first woman non-monarch head of state in the Western hemisphere in 1974 until being deposed in 1976. Elisabeth Domitien becamethe first woman Prime Minister of the Central African Republic. Indira Gandhi cotinued as Prime Minister of India until 1977.  Golda Meir, Prime minister of Israel and acting Chairman Soong Ching-ling of the People's Republic of China continuing their leadership from the sixties. Lidia Gueiler Tejada became the interim President of Bolivia beginning from 1979 to 1980. Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo became the first woman Prime Minister of Portugal in 1979, and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 1979. 

Music

During the 1970s, there was a rise of popular soft rock. Different artists stepped into the stage, like Chicago, The Doobie Brothers, James Taylor, The Carpenters, Elton John, and The Eagles.

Disco music also became popular, and because of this, rock music became increasingly hard edged with artists such as Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath.

In the 1970s, both art rock and progressive rock were influences by experimental classical music, as well as punk rock. From the bands Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Uriah Heep, Judas Priest and Led Zeppelin emerged hard rock and heavy metal, and along came AC/DC.

The mid-seventies saw the rise of punk music. Popular bands were the Sex Pistols, The Clash, Blondie and Ramones. 

The highest selling album of the 1970s was Pink Floyd's Dark Side of the Moon, released in 1973.

Towards the end of decade,Jamaican reggae music became popular in the U.S and in Europe. Along with reggae came Country music and hip hop.  

Television

During the 1970s, there were significant changes in television programming in  both the United Kingdom and the United States. There was a decline of the "family sitcoms" and new "Youngs, hip and urban" socially contemporary shows emerged. 

In 1970, BBC had  three colour channels from which to choose: BBC1, BBC2 and ITV. A famous tv show of the 1970s was "Pennies From Heave", a "show with elements of sexual explicitness, nostalgia, fantasy song,  and dance scenes, all overlaying a dark and pessimistic view of human motivation." 

Gays and Lesbians in the 70s

During the 1970s, not only did the face of sexuality changed because of the music, the television, etc. But different relationships started to emerge, like gays and lesbians. 

The 1970s and also the 1980s were times of tremendous feminist activism and much of that work was accomplished by lesbian feminists. An important development in the 1970s was the formation of a strong gay and lesbian movement in the downtown Santa Cruz community.
The first gay and lesbian meeting at UCSC took place in December 1971, when a symposium entitled "Homosexuality: Exploring an Alternative in Sexual Expression" was organized at Cowell College and attracted over 120 people from UCSC, Cabrillo College, and the Bay area. Many of the posters publicizing the symposium at UCSC were ripped down. UCSC's first gay (but still unofficial because they lacked a faculty sponsor) student organization, the Gay Students Union (GSU) formed at the symposium, and began meeting in the Stevenson College Jolly Room (which later became the Stevenson Coffeehouse).
Also, in December 1971, UCSC student Steve Kraft wrote an article for the campus newspaper, City on a Hill Press entitled: "Gay Lib: Dispelling Uptightness." In this article he talked about the formation of an eight-person gay, lesbian, and bisexual household in downtown Santa Cruz.

As the gay movement at UCSC blossomed in the 1970s, it was crossfertilized by other political movements at UCSC, which were also spaces where students were coming out. UCSC was the site of a powerful antiapartheid movement which advocated the divestment of the UC Regents from South Africa. While the story of GSU, LAGMU, and GALA is a vital part of the history of the GLBT community at UC Santa Cruz, it is not the only story. There are many stories, many communities, many overlapping histories.

The thriving feminist movement also inspired an active lesbian (and to a lesser-extent, feminist gay male) community at UCSC. With the birth of lesbian feminism in the early-1970s, many lesbians began to break off from both mainstream feminist organizations such as the National Organization of Women (NOW), as well as from gay liberation organizations. These divisions between gay men and lesbians were visible at UCSC as early as the 1971 conference at Cowell College, at which one woman was quoted as saying, "We all know that when the shit is flying we'll all support each other. But I'm sick and tired of giving more energy to helping men. After the way they've ripped me off!" Another complained, "Christ! The most chauvinistic thing I can think of for a man to say to me: 'Help me understand how I oppress you.' They should work that out among themselves!" Lesbians began to withdraw from GALA.
In 1974, the UCSC women's studies program was founded by a collective of students, many of whom taught student-directed seminars such as The Women-Identified Novel in Historical Perspective that included significant lesbian content. This program later grew into today's women's studies department, one of the strongest in the United States.

Another important development in the 1970s, was the formation of a strong gay and lesbian movement in the downtown Santa Cruz community. Due in part to the influence of UC Santa Cruz, the community had changed from a conservative beach resort town to a nationally recognized center of progressive activism.

In 1975, Santa Cruz County became the first county in the United States to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation for its civil service employees. That same year, the first Gay Alcoholics Anonymous meetings formed in Santa Cruz, along with the Gay Counseling Collective and Gays Over Forty. In 1978, Santa Cruz gay and lesbian activists organized against the Briggs Initiative (California Proposition 6) and Anita Bryant's national Save Our Children campaign, both of which targeted gay and lesbian teachers. This was also the year in which San Francisco Supervisor Harvey Milk was murdered by Supervisor Dan White. Both UCSC and Santa Cruz community members traveled up to San Francisco to join 40,000 others in a candlelight vigil the night of Milk's death. The following year, on May 21, 1979, after a jury found White guilty of manslaughter instead of first degree murder, Santa Cruz gays and lesbians joined what has become known as the White Night Riot, a violent protest in San Francisco. The battle against the Briggs Initiative, and Harvey Milk's assassination were some of the dramatic landmarks in this remarkable decade of modern GLBT history.

University of California, Regents. "Gay Liberation and Lesbian Feminism." Out in
the Redwoods . 2003. US Santa Cruz. 9 Dec. 2008 .

The 70s were the years were the most changes of sexuality took place. It was the time when everyone started to "come out of their shells". Others just wanted to follow others steps, like actors, actresses and models. Gays and Lesbians began to create their own societies and spread their "love" throughout the Country. From restaurant to counseling groups, the new sexual groups, gays and lesbians, began to spread their sexuality and change its face. Because of these movements ,in today's generation we can see homosexuals shows on TV, radios, etc. Not only that, but everyday we can see them on the streets holding hands and sharing their sexuality with the world. Before the 1970s, gays and lesbians were not known as they are today, they didn't have the rights that they currently have and most importantly, they weren't treated as a normal human being.

Charlie's angels

Charlie's Angels was one of the most famous  television series of the 1970s. It is about three women who work for a private investigation agency and is " one of the first shows to showcase women in roles traditionally reserved for men."
Three women, the Angels, (originally Kate Jackson, Farrah Fawcett-Majors, and Jaclyn Smith) graduated from the police academy and were hired to work for the Charles Townsend Agency as private investigators. Each episode shows how the angels found themselves in new situations, and how they went undercover and investigated. The undercover aspect of the show creates much of the plot interest and tension. In the early seasons of the show, the Angels, under their assumed identities, use a combination of sexual wiles and knowledge learned for the situation in which they are being placed, but by the third and fourth seasons, the writing has a tendency to stray from the sex appeal (see "As 'Jiggle TV'") and focus more on the case at hand.

So how did Charlie's Angels contribute to the change of sex appeal in the 1970s?
As actors and actresses, these people are always being looked up to. The public sees them on Tv and as admirers, they want to imitate them. The undercover aspect of the show creates much of the plot interest and tension. In the early seasons of the show, the Angels, under their assumed identities, use a combination of sexual wiles and knowledge learned for the situation in which they are being placed.

"Charlie's Angels." Wikipedia . 13 Nov. 2008. Wikipedia. 10 Dec. 2008 .

10 Movie

"10" is a 1979 romantic comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and starring Bo Derek, Dudley Moore and Julie Andrews. Considered a trend-setting film at the time, and one of the year's biggest box office hits, the movie made superstars of Derek and Moore.

For the movie's trailer, visit http://www.imdb.com/video/screenplay/vi2545746201/

This movie was released in 1979.
PLOT:
In the night of his 42nd birthday, George Webber (Dudley Moore), a popular songwriter, begins showing symptoms of "middle-age crisis." Over the succeeding weeks, he finds himself continually staring at young girls on the street, and he begins envying his high-living neighbor, whose life is one endless orgy. George's behavior causes great concern to his lover, singing star Samantha Taylor (Julie Andrews), and to his partner Hugh (Robert Webber), who has seemingly avoided George's dilemma by being gay. While driving home one afternoon, George spots Jenny (Bo Derek), a stunning young beauty en route to her marriage ceremony. Regarding her as "the most beautiful girl I've ever seen" (on a scale from one to 10), George follows her to the church. He later learns her name, and discovers that she and her husband are honeymooning in Mexico. Driven by the impulse to see her again, George flies to Mexico and checks into the hotel where Jenny is staying. Later, he sees the couple on the beach, and begins indulging in romantic fantasies about the lovely young girl. When he rescues her husband from drowning, a grateful Jenny invites George to her room. Written by Alfiehitchie

Alfiehitchie. "10." IMDB. Amazon. 3 Dec. 2008 http://www.imdb.com/title/ 
     tt0078721/plotsummary.

Movies like "10", where "more skin" was shown and they were classified as "sexy", took part in the changing faces of sexuality.

When the audience looks at these public figures (actors and actresses), they get new ideas and most of them follow their steps.
That is the reason of why throughout the years the faces of sexuality have changed. More and more people are taking part of this new sexy "trend", and that helped then trend spread throughout the years.

Timeline

Here's a timeline about the history of sex, love, and sexuality from 1970 to 1975, sodomy laws are repealed, the Supreme Court and Roe v. Wade, unions demand sex.

1971--The 1st Gay Community Services Center was opened in Los Angeles.
1971--The Florida Supreme Court declared unconstitutional the law that made oral sex performed by heterosexuals a crime.
1972--Says author Robert Wilson in Forbidden Words:

The current skyrocketing rise in clap and syphilis is astonishing. Gonorrhea is 29 times as common as the measles, and syphilis has killed 100 million people since 1900, or 4 times the number who died during the bubonic plague in medieval Europe.
1972--A travel guide, Lusty Europe, contributed to the store of human knowledge with this bit about a sight in London:

Penis (Napoleon's). Christie's Fine Art Auctioneers (8 King Street, S.W.1) has had it. Removed from the Emperor by his confessor-priest. The catalogue described it as "a small dried-up object." "Looks like a sea-horse," said a night porter. Phone Christie's at 839-9060 if you want it. It is rather surprising that the thing was "withdrawn" (the auctioneer's own phrase) at a recent sale considering the pound 13,300 price and one-inch length. . . .
1973--Sexologist David Reuben recommended oral sex and estimated that 70-80% of American adults practiced it.
1973--Several American businesses bought into a German brothel chain when its owner, Kurt Kohls, put $8 million in stock up for sale. His brochure was entitled, "How to Make Money in Germany with the Oldest Profession in the World." The slogan of the brothels, run like hotels, was "Sex with Heart."

1973--The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that local laws on obscenity could supresede the Constitution.

1973--Millionaire Lord Lambton, 22-year veteran of the House of Commons in England, resigned as Defense Under-Secretary of the RAF when it became known that secret photographs of him "in flagrante" with Norma Levy, an Irish prostitute, were being offered to newspapers for $25,000. "I have behaved with credulous stupidity," admitted His Lordship. Immediately afterward, Lord Jellicoe, son of Britain's naval hero at Jutland, personal friend of Prime Minister Edward Heath and a member of his Cabinet, resigned after exposure of his "casual affairs" with ladies of the night.
1973--An aphrodisiac containing the synthetic hormone LRF was found to induce mating in rats.
1973--The U.S. Supreme Court overruled all State laws restricting a woman's right to abortion in the 1st 3 months of pregnancy.
1974--A computer program simulating a woman's monthly cycle was invented.
1974--Lavender University, a school for homosexuals, opened in San Francisco with a schedule that offered 30 classes, including Greek literature, metaphysics, and hiking.
1974--Jan Morris, formerly James Humphrey Morris, the writer who scooped the conquest of Mount Everest in 1944, wrote Conundrum, a book describing his/her transformation, by surgery, into a woman.
1974--Publication of the book Lewd Foods, in which author Robert Hendrickson recounted history's most prodigious lovers. "The French actress Mlle. Dubois, who often dined with Marshal Soubise at his naked supper parties . . . left posterity an accounting of her conquests over a 20-year period. They totaled 16,527, or over 2 a day." Messalina, Queen of Rome, and Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, "demanded and received more than 100 men in one night . . . the official record holder would appear to be that anonymous . . . man cited by Dr. Kinsey who averaged 33.1 matings per week, or more than 4 times a day over a period of 30 years" Other contenders include the real-life Don Juan, a Spanish nobleman named Tenorio, who had 2,594 mistresses; the Italian poet and politician, Gabriel d'Annunzio, who boasted that 1,000 husbands hated him; the novelist Frank Harris, who seduced 2,000 women (and insured his file of their names with Lloyd's of London for $150,000; Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, who, from the age of 11 to 72, enjoyed sexual pleasure with 20,000 different women.

1975--The 1,600 gold miners working in Vatukoula, Fiji, demanded of their employers an extra 30 minutes added to their daily lunch hour to enjoy sexual pleasure. According to Reuters news service, the union secretary, Navita Raqona, stated that "a man has a sexual obligation to his wife and if he goes home exhausted at 5 P.M., he cannot fulfill it. The union wants the sex break added to the normal lunch break. After lunch and a short rest, a man is in prime mental and physical condition to meet his sexual obligations." The union requested this extra time for married men only, planning to make "alternative arrangements" for bachelors.

1975--The 1st brothel for senior citizens, in Marseilles, France, was reported. Clients' ages ranged from 60 to 77. The prostitutes charged about $10 for the service.

© 1975 - 1981 by David Wallechinsky & Irving Wallace

Reproduced with permission from "The People's Almanac" series of books.

All rights reserved.

Who's secret?? Victoria's Secret

Victoria's Secret is an American retailer of women's wear, lingerie and beauty products. Victorias's secret began in San Francisco, California in 1977 by Stanford Graduate School of Business alumnus Roy Raymond.The store quickly became famous throughout the world, and by the early 1990s, Victoria's Secret had become the largest American lingerie retailer topping one billion dollars.

                                                    

Victoria's Secret had a huge influence on the changing faces of sex. The story redefined America's conception of lingerie beginning in the late 1970s, early 1980s. Victoria's Secret helped women of all shapes and sizes, if not tax brackets, feel that sensuality need not be limited to models and celebrities.As the store quickly spread and became known throughout the world, it developed new images, which were portrayed by the models. In 1999 in the fourth annual Victoria's Secret Fashion Show, the Victoria's Secret Angels was presented to the public. 

"Victoria's Secret." Wikipedia. 9 Dec. 2008. 2 Dec. 2008 
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria's_Secret.

As more and more models were showcased in the lingerie industry wearing smaller piece of clothing, sex was conveyed in everyone of them. As the store grew bigger, more companies became competition and the "sex image" was going around the world, capturing every women's, and some men's attention. 

Music in the 1970s

During the early 1970s there was a rise of popular soft rock music. Famous artists and bands like

Led Zeppelin, The Eagles, Black Sabbath, Elton John and Pink floyd emerged during this decade. With these new bands came new lyrics and a new face of music and sex.

Beginning in the late 1970s, new bands like ACDC, the Sex Pistols and Van Halen began writing songs that included obscene lyrics and a new twist to the typical "love" tunes.

For example, ACDC's song "Whole Lotta Rosie":

Wanna tell you a story

'Bout a woman I know

When it comes to lovin'

Oh she steals the show

She ain't exactly pretty

Ain't exactly small

Forty-two, thirty-nine, fifty-six

You could say she's got it all

Never had a woman

Never had a woman like you

Doing all the things

Doing all the things you do

Ain't no fairy story

Ain't no skin and bone

But you give it all you got

Weighing in at nineteen stone

CHORUS:You're a whole lotta woman

A whole lotta womanWhole lotta

RosieAnd you're a whole lotta woman

Oh honey you can do it

Do it to me all night long

Only wanna turn

Only wanna turn me on

All through the night time

And right around the clock

To my surprise

Rosie never stops

(Click here to watch the video of this song)

Because rock was becoming popular during the 1970s, everyone was attracted and captured by its lyrics and power, therefore it helped sex become a symbol during this decade.

Sex as a symbol

Brooke Shields, Burt Reynolds, Anna Nicole Smith, and Julie Ege. What do they all have in common? They have contributed to the changing face of sexuality by being sex symbols of the past decades.

Julie Ege was a Miss Norway and Miss Universe contestant and a Penthouse Pet. She appeared in several British-made sex comedies and soft-porn films during the 1970s, which contributed to her sex symbol imagine of the 1970s.

After serving as a Bond girl in On Her Majesty’s Secret Service (1969), Julie Ege briefly became a leading figure in British cinema, monopolising the role of exotic, seductress in the low-brow comedies that were a staple of the time.She was given the title of “new sex symbol of the seventies” and Hammer hoped that a role as a sexy cavewoman in Creatures the World Forgot (1971) would do for Ege what One Million Years BC (1966) had done for Raquel Welch, turning her into a screen icon, but the film flopped. She continued in comedies and also in horror films for several more years, before giving up acting and becoming a nurse in her native Norway.

She was in The Magnificent Seven Deadly Sins (1971), Rentadick (1972), Not Now Darling (1973), Percy’s Progress (1974) and The Amorous Milkman (1975). Such was her fame at the time that she was one of the celebrities playing themselves in The Alf Garnett Saga (1972), along with George Best and Max Bygraves. She was the girl of Alf’s dreams.

"Julie Ege." Times Online. 2 May 2008. Times Newspaper. 1 Dec. 2008 

     http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3860962.ece.